How do I compare categorical data with multiple uneven populations?

Is there a difference in lineage occurrence/proportion between study 1 compared to the other 4 studies?

There are 5 populations. We need to compare population 1 to each of the other 4 populations (4 previous studies). 
We are comparing the occurrence of Lineages (4 Levels- A, B, C, D) in population 1 compared to their occurrence in each of the other 4 populations.

The Lineages are categorical (A,B,C, D) every sample will fit within one of these lineages. The sample sizes are uneven between the different studies, therefore I thought it best to work with proportions.

I thought that I could just use a proportion test or chi-square test but I'm a bit confused since I have the 4 lineages and the 5 studies. Do I just look at one lineage at a time and since it's a proportion, it factors in the other lineages?

i.e.: LineageB <- prop.test(x = c(198,140,31,35,205), n = c(213,140,31,39,250)); LineageB
p-value = 3.502e-08 (This isn't specific enough, tells me there is likely a different between all studies)

Since I'm only concerned with population 1 compared to each of the others should I only include my study and one other at a time?

Lineages Pop 1 Pop 2 Pop 3 Pop 4 Pop 5
A 4 0 0 0 0
B 198 140 31 35 205
C 6 0 0 4 18
D 5 0 0 0 27
Total 213 140 31 39 250
Count of Lineage by Study.
Statistics Real Analysis
Sizzledee Sizzledee
Report

Answer

Answers can be viewed only if
  1. The questioner was satisfied and accepted the answer, or
  2. The answer was disputed, but the judge evaluated it as 100% correct.
View the answer
Mathe Mathe
The answer is accepted.
Join Matchmaticians Affiliate Marketing Program to earn up to 50% commission on every question your affiliated users ask or answer.