Measure Theory and the Hahn Decomposition Theorem
Suppose that $\mu$ and $\nu$ are finite measures on a measurable space $(X,\mathcal{M})$. Prove that either $\nu \perp \mu$, or there exists $\epsilon > 0$ and a measurable set $E \subseteq X$ such that $\mu(E) > 0$ and $\nu \ge \epsilon \mu$ on $E$ (that is, every measurable set $S \subseteq E$ has $\nu(S) \ge \epsilon \mu(S)$).
Hint: Use Hahn Decomposition Theorem
Answer
Since $\mu$ and $\nu$ are measures, for $n\in \N$, $\nu-n^{-1}\mu$ is a signed measure. Then for each $n \in \N$ there exists a Hahn Decomposition for $X$ with respect to the signed measure $\nu-n^{-1}\mu$:
\[ X=P_{n}\cup N_{n}. \]
Let $P=\cup_{n=1}^{\infty} P_{n}$ and $N=\cap_{n=1}^{\infty}N_{n}=P^{c}$. Then $N$ is negative for $\nu-n^{-1}\mu$ for every $n$. So we have
\[(\nu-n^{-1}\mu)(N)\leq 0.\]
Hence \[\nu(N)-n^{-1}\mu(N)\leq 0\]
and therefore, \[ 0\leq \nu(N)\leq n^{-1} \mu(N). \]
Since $\mu(N)<\infty$, letting $n\rightarrow \infty$ we have
\[ \nu(N)=0. (1)\]
Now we consider two cases:
Case I: $\mu(P)=0$. Then from (1) we conclude $\mu\perp \nu$ .
Case II: $\mu(P)>0$. Then, $\exists \ \ n_{0}\in N$ such that $\mu(P_{n_{0}})>0$. Since $X=P_{n_0}\cup N_{n_0}$ is a Hahn decomposition with respect to $\nu-n_0^{-1}\mu$, \[ \nu(P_{n_{0}})-n_{0}^{-1} \mu(P_{n_{0}})>0, \] and hence \[ \nu(P_{n_{0}})>n_{0}^{-1} \mu(P_{n_{0}}). \]
Letting $E:=P_{n_{0}}$ and $\epsilon=n_{0}^{-1}$ we have $\nu(E)>\epsilon \mu(E)$. $\Box$

- answered
- 1479 views
- $65.00
Related Questions
- Optimization Quick Problem
- Find amplitude-frequency characteristic of a discrete finite signal using Z-transform
- Let $f:U\subset\mathbb{R} ^3\rightarrow \mathbb{R} ^2$ given by $f(x,y,z)=(sin(x+z)+log(yz^2) ; e^{x+z} +yz)$ where $U = { (x, y, z) ∈ R^3| y, z > 0 }.$ Questions Inside.
- Relating integrals to the area under the curve using rectangles.
- Complex Variables
- Parametric, Polar, and Vector-Valued Equations for Kav10
- Prove that if $T \in L(V,W)$ then $ \|T\| = \inf \{M \in \R : \, \|Tv\| \le M\|v\| \textrm{ for all } v \in V \}.$
- Evluate $\int_{|z|=3}\frac{1}{z^5(z^2+z+1)}\ dz$