Quadratic residue
A quadratic residue (mod p) refers to an integer c such that there exists an integer x for which the congruence $$ x^2 \equiv c (mod p)$$ holds, right?
Rewriting:
$$x^2(mod p) \equiv c (mod p)$$
Which means that remainder of x^2 divided by p is the same as remainder of c divided by p.
Why c is called a residue? Residue of what?
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